Diet depends on species. Insectivores need live insects, while omnivores may enjoy fruits, vegetables, and insects. Always ensure variety for balanced nutrition.

Reptile carpet, coconut fiber, or soil mixes are common. Avoid sand for small lizards as it can cause impaction.

Provide a thermal gradient in the enclosure with a basking zone (30–40°C for most species) and ambient zone (20–25°C). UVB lighting is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health.

Most aquatic turtles don’t require a substrate if they live in a fully aquatic tank; smooth river rocks or bare-bottom tanks are commonly used. For semi-aquatic turtles, a mix of soil and sand can create a basking area.

Turtles need UVB lighting to synthesize vitamin D3 and maintain shell health. Combine a UVB bulb with a heat lamp over a basking area, keeping temperatures between 25–30°C in the water and 30–35°C in the basking zone.

We like to think of enrichment as encouraging behaviours that would be suitable for wild animals. So tools like plants, hides, and a variety of foods can motivate them to forage, dig and hunt. Your turtles will be happiest when their natural instincts aren't surpressed.

Offer a mix of commercial turtle pellets, leafy greens, and occasional protein (e.g. insects or cooked meats) depending on the species. Always provide fresh water.

Use a mix of sand and coconut fiber at least twice the height of the largest crab to allow burrowing. Keep it slightly moist but not wet.

Maintain ambient temperatures around 24–28°C and provide a day/night light cycle. UVB is optional but helps overall health.

Provide commercial hermit crab food supplemented with fruits, vegetables, and calcium sources like cuttlefish bone. Fresh water is essential.